Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist)

FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS FISIKOKIMIA LOTION EKSTRAK DAUN NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.)

Mimin Wulandari — 2026-04-30

Pemanfaatan bahan alam dalam sediaan farmasi, khususnya kosmetik, belakangan ini semakin berkembang seiring dengan meningkatnya penelitian mengenai kandungan bioaktif pada bahan alam yang berpotensi memberikan manfaat bagi kesehatan kulit. Daun nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) diketahui memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan banyak dimanfaatkan dalam sediaan kosmetik seperti sediaan lotion. Lotion merupakan salah satu sediaan kosmetik berupa suspensi atau dispersi yang diaplikasikan pada bagian tubuh terutama tangan dan kaki yang pada umumnya berfungsi sebagai pelembab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak etanol daun nangka serta mengevaluasi stabilitas fisikokimia sediaan yang dihasilkan. Lotion di formulasikan menggunakan metode standar dan diuji stabilitasnya dalam kondisi tertentu. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pH, daya sebar, homogenitas dan sifat organoleptis dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yang berbeda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimental. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membuat formulasi sediaan lotion dengan penambahan ekstrak etanol daun nangka dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 0,5% (FI); 1% (FII); 1,5% (FIII) dan 0% yaitu sediaan lotion tanpa kandungan ekstrak etanol daun nangka (F0). Kemudian dilakukan uji evaluasi fisikokimia (meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, dan daya sebar), uji stabilitas fisikokimia (meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, dan pH), uji iritasi dan uji hedonik. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan sediaan lotion ekstrak etanol daun nangka yang memenuhi uji evaluasi fisikokimia yaitu sediaan dengan konsentrasi 0,5% (FI); 1% (FII); 1,5% (FIII) dan 0% (F0) namun pada uji stabilitas fisikokimia sediaan lotion yang memenuhi persyaratan yaitu konsentrasi 0,5% (FI). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah formulasi lotion ekstrak etanol daun nangka menghasilkan formula yang memenuhi persyaratan uji stabilitas fisikokimia adalah pada konsentrasi 0,5%.

Characteristics of Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Transcatheter Defect Closure at Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan

Syarifa Defina — 2026-04-30

Introduction. Transcatheter closure has become an increasingly common non-surgical intervention for Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA). However, data on the characteristics of patients undergoing transcatheter closure in North Sumatra remain limited. Objective. This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients undergoing transcatheter closure procedures. Methods. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using medical records of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease who underwent transcatheter closure at Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Patient characteristics including sex, age, nutritional status, clinical presentation, defect type and size, and occluder device type were analyzed. Results. A total of 108 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority were female (54,6%) and aged 12-59 months (50,9%), with normal nutritional status (52.8%). VSD was the most common defect (68,5%), predominantly of moderate size (57,4%). Most patients were classified as ROSS/NYHA class II (70,4%). The AMVO occluder was the most frequently used device (67,6%), with size 8/6 being the most common. Conclusion. Most pediatric patients undergoing transcatheter closure were female, aged 1–3 years, had normal nutritional status, and presented with moderate VSD classified as ROSS/NYHA class II. The AMVO occluder, particularly size 8/6, was the most frequently utilized device.

Diastase Enzyme Activity as a Quality and Clinical Safety Parameter of Pure Honey in Pharmacies in the Pasar Kemis

Gulsyaniraz Qadhi Zakka — 2026-04-30

Diastase enzyme is a natural constituent of honey highly sensitive to heat and storage, making its activity a primary indicator for bio-integrity and authenticity. This study aims to evaluate diastase activity in pure honey at pharmacies to ensure compliance with quality standards and consumer safety. This laboratory experimental study was conducted in Pasar Kemis and the Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of Universitas Indonesia Maju. The population included all packaged pure honey in pharmacies, using purposive sampling for five brands (samples A, B, C, D, and E). Instruments used included a spectrophotometer at 660 nanometers, with simple linear regression to determine the Diastase Number. Analysis revealed significant differences in enzymatic activity between samples. Sample A demonstrated optimal quality (7.49 DN), while samples B (0.12 DN), C (0.15 DN), and D (2.53 DN) were far below the minimum threshold of 3 units as per Indonesian National Standard 8664:2024. This decrease reflects molecular protein denaturation that is visually undetectable but implies therapeutic loss and toxic degradation risk. There is a significant anomaly between marketing authorization legality and biological quality in retail, necessitating systemic strengthening of post-market surveillance by regulatory authorities.

EFEKTIVITAS KOLABORASI FARMASI DAN KEPERAWATAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPATUHAN PENGOBATAN OSTEOPOROSIS: SEBUAH TINJAUAN SISTEMATIK

Ismedsyah — 2026-04-30

Background: Osteoporosis is a common bone disease in the elderly population, which can lead to an increased risk of fracture and a decreased quality of life. Adherence to osteoporosis medication is crucial for improving treatment effectiveness and preventing fractures. Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacy and nursing collaboration in improving adherence to osteoporosis medication.

Pendampingan Kader Posyandu Terhadap Pengetahuan, Sikap, Praktik Pemberian Makan Dan Efikasi Diri Pada Ibu Anak Kekurangan Gizi

Sahwin Permadi Yahya Sahwin — 2026-04-30

Posyandu mendukung kesehatan ibu dan anak, namun masih terdapat tantangan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu dalam mengelola anak kurang gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh kader posyandu dalam pendampingan ibu anak kurang gizi terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, praktik, dan efikasi diri dalam pemberian makanan pendamping. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-eksperimental dengan pre-post-test control group. Ibu-ibu yang memiliki anak usia 6-24 bulan dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi dan kontrol (n30 untuk setiap kelompok). Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 2 bulan di 6 desa, dengan 3 desa intervensi dan 3 desa kontrol di Baggai. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji-t independen, dan uji-t berpasangan. Nilai-p < 0,05 dianggap signifikan secara statistik. Sebagian besar ibu adalah ibu rumah tangga (67%) dan telah menyelesaikan pendidikan SMP atau SMA. Tidak terdapat perbedaan antar kelompok pada awal penelitian pada semua variabel yang diukur. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, yaitu 62,0±7,14 menjadi 87,0±5,96 (p<0,001). Variabel sikap juga menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan, yaitu 63,7±10,3 menjadi 91,6±7,46 (p<0,001). Pada kelompok intervensi, keragaman konsumsi pangan antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan, yaitu 3,90±1,15 menjadi 5,33±1,24 (p<0,040). Tingkat efikasi diri meningkat secara signifikan antara intervensi sebelum dan sesudah pada kelompok intervensi 54,6±14,0 menjadi 88,0±4,06 (p<0,001). Pelaksanaan pendampingan jangka pendek oleh kader posyandu menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan dalam hal pengetahuan, sikap, praktik, dan efikasi diri dikalangan ibu-ibu yang memiliki anak kurang gizi.

Kata kunci: pendampingan kader posyandu, pengetahuan, sikap, praktik MP-ASI, efikasi diri.

DAYA TERIMA ES KRIM BIKACMER KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus vulgaris L) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN VARIASI BUAH BIT (Beta vulgaris L)

Erlina Nasution — 2026-04-30

Ice cream is a frozen food product created by emulsifying dairy products or a mixture of milk, with or without the addition of other food ingredients, and pasteurized with or without air incorporation.This study aimed to determine the acceptability of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) 'Bikacmer' ice cream with varying additions of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L). This was an experimental study using a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 2 replications.Organoleptic tests were conducted by 50 semi-trained panelists. The treatments in this study involved adding 30 gr red beans with 25 gr beetroot (Treatment A), 30 gr red beans with 50 gr beetroot (Treatment B), and 30 gr red beans with 75 gr beetroot (Treatment C).

KONDISI DEF-T DAN STATUS GIZI ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK MEKAR WANGI TANJUNG SENENG

Desi Andriyani — 2026-04-30

Dental health is a crucial aspect of maintaining healthy teeth and mouth in the long term. Without proper oral care, teeth can easily experience serious conditions, such as tooth decay (caries). Many parents are unaware of the importance of their child's primary teeth. They think that all primary teeth will be replaced and only permanent teeth require care. They don't understand that if primary teeth are not properly maintained, they will decay. Decayed primary teeth can cause children to suffer from toothache, even leading to swelling around the teeth, making the child fussy, crying, unable to sleep peacefully, and losing appetite due to tooth pain when eating. If this condition persists and recurs, the child will lack the necessary nutrients, affecting their physical and cognitive development.The purpose of this study is to describe the def-t index and nutritional status of children at TK Mekar Wangi, Tanjung Seneng District, in 2014. This is a descriptive study aimed at understanding the overview of nutritional status and def-t index among children at TK Mekar Wangi.The results show that the def-t index of children at TK Mekar Wangi, Tanjung Seneng District, in 2014 is very high, categorizing them as severely underweight. It is hoped that parents will realize the importance of dental care for their children and pay attention to the nutritional intake provided.

PENGARUH MENGUNYAH BUAH NANAS (ANANAS COMOSUS L.MERR) TERHADAP DEBRIS INDEKS PADA REMAJA DI PANTI ASUHAN BAKTI MULIA KAROMBASAN KOTA MANADO

Ni Made Yuliana — 2026-04-30

Dental and oral hygiene is the condition of the teeth in the oral cavity in a clean condition free from plaque and other dirt on the surface of the teeth such as dirt, tartar and food scraps. Debris is mud deposits consisting of food remains that stick to the surface of the teeth. Adolescence is a transition period between childhood and adulthood. Pineapple fruit has a high air and fiber content, which can clean the surface of the mouth and can work as a digestive system. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of chewing pineapple on the debris index. This research was conducted using a quasi-experimental method with a group pretest-posttest design (one group), to assess the effect of chewing pineapple on the debris index. The research took place in May 2024. The total population was 36 respondents using a sampling technique, namely the total population technique. The data obtained was tabulated and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test because the data was not normally distributed. This research instrument uses diagnostic tools and a debris index examination format. The results of this study showed that the average before chewing pineapple was 1.3 and after chewing pineapple 0.6, so the difference in reduction obtained was 0.7. Based on analysis using the Wilcoxon test, the p value = 0.000 (<0.05). This means that chewing pineapple has the effect of reducing feces.

STATUS HIGIENIS PADA IBU PENDERITA HIPERTESI DI PUSKESMAS SUKARAME KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

Desi Andriyani — 2026-04-30

Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases with a high prevalence in Indonesia, including in the working area of the Sukarame Health Center, Bandar Lampung. People with hypertension are at risk of oral health problems, especially due to the side effects of medications and a lack of attention to dental and oral hygiene.

According to World Health Organization (WHO) data, more than 1 billion people in the world suffer from hypertension, and this number continues to increase every year. In Indonesia, based on Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of hypertension in the population over 18 years old reached 34.1%. The city of Bandar Lampung as the capital of Lampung Province is also inseparable from the high number of hypertension cases, including in the working area of the Sukarame Health Center. Objective: This study aims to determine the oral hygiene status of women with hypertension who are treated at the Sukarame Health Center. Method: This study used a descriptive design conducted by consecutive sampling carried out on mothers with hypertension who visited the Sukarame Health Center and met the criteria, cross sectional approach, so that a sample of 35 mothers with hypertension was obtained. Data were collected through a clinical examination of oral hygiene using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) index and periodontal tissue condition (CPITN). Research Results : Dental hygiene or OHIS Mothers with Hypertension at the Sukarame Health Center in Bandar Lampung. It was found that 18 respondents (51%) had bad criteria and the health of periodontal tissue CPITN was obtained with shallow pocket criteria for 21 respondents (60%) out of 35 respondents. Conclusion: There is a relationship between oral hygiene status in women with hypertension at the Sukarame Health Center in Bandar Lampung.

IMPLEMENTASI SEKOLAH RAMAH ANAK DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA): NARATIF REVIEW

Yulina Dwi Hastuty — 2026-04-30

Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA) merupakan pendekatan pendidikan yang menekankan pemenuhan hak anak, penciptaan lingkungan belajar yang aman, inklusif, dan partisipatif. Implementasi SRA menjadi penting terutama pada jenjang Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA), mengingat siswa berada pada fase perkembangan remaja yang rentan terhadap tekanan sosial dan psikologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara sistematis hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu mengenai implementasi Sekolah Ramah Anak di sekolah, dengan fokus pada konteks pendidikan menengah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah literature review terhadap artikel jurnal nasional terakreditasi SINTA 1 dan SINTA 2 yang terbit pada periode 2020–2025. Data dikumpulkan melalui penelusuran literatur pada portal SINTA dan Garuda menggunakan kata kunci yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis dengan pendekatan analisis tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi SRA di SMA pada umumnya telah berjalan dengan baik, terutama dalam aspek rasa aman, peran guru, dan lingkungan sekolah. Namun demikian, partisipasi siswa dalam pengambilan keputusan sekolah dan penyediaan fasilitas pendukung kesejahteraan psikologis masih menjadi tantangan utama. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar konseptual bagi pengembangan kebijakan dan praktik pendidikan yang lebih ramah anak di jenjang SMA

EPIDEMIOLOGI DETEKSI DINI PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR DI DESA MULIOREJO

Dame Evalina Simangunsong — 2026-04-30

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death in Indonesia and continue to show an upward trend, especially among adults. Obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and unhealthy behaviors contribute to the high burden of NCDs. Early detection of risk factors is an important strategy in the prevention and control of NCDs. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and prevalence of NCD risk factors. This study uses a descriptive design with a cross-sectional design. The sample size is 34 respondents aged 25 years. Data collection was conducted through anthropometric measurements (Body Mass Index and waist circumference), blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, uric acid, and interviews related to behavioral risk factors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, history of NCDs, alcohol consumption, and exposure to cigarette smoke). Data analysis was performed univariately using frequency distribution and percentages. There were 85.3% of respondents in the pre-obesity to obesity category. It was found that 50% of respondents had grade I and II systolic hypertension and 35.3% were in the pre-hypertension category. A total of 29.4% had fasting blood sugar levels >200 mg/dL. A total of 64.7% had borderline to high cholesterol levels. A total of 44.1% had a history of NCDs, with a family history of 29.4% and exposure to cigarette smoke of 38.2%. Most respondents had significant risk factors for NCDs, particularly obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. There is a need to strengthen community-based early detection and promotive-preventive intervention programs to reduce the risk of NCDs.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI SD NEGERI 101846 KECAMATAN KUTALIMBARU TAHUN 2025

Susanti Br Perangin-angin — 2026-04-30

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) is an important preventative measure for improving the health status of school-aged children. However, the implementation of PHBS in schools still faces various obstacles such as low student knowledge, unsupportive attitudes, and limited sanitation facilities. This can impact the health quality of students and reduce the effectiveness of school health programs. This study was conducted to analyze the factors related to PHBS actions among students at SD Negeri 101846 in Kutalimbaru Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency, in 2025. This research used an analytical survey design with a cross-sectional approach, involving all 48 students in grades IV and V through a total sampling method. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that covered variables such as knowledge, attitudes, availability of facilities, and PHBS actions. Data analysis was performed with the Chi- Square test using a significance level of 0.05. The study results showed that most students had low knowledge (58.3%), poor attitudes (56.3%), and rated the school's facilities as low (89.6%). Despite this, students' PHBS actions were relatively balanced, with 50% being good and 50% being poor. Statistical tests showed a significant relationship between knowledge and CHLB actions (p=0.000) and between attitudes and PHBS actions (p=0.004). However, the availability of facilities was not significantly related to actions (p=0.345). In conclusion, knowledge and attitude factors are more dominant in influencing student behavior than are facilities. Therefore, it is recommended that the school strengthen health education interventions, promote healthy habits, and enhance the role of teachers and parents in instilling PHBS from an early age.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN LANSIA TENTANG RISIKO TERJADINYA OSTEOPOROSIS DENGAN UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DI UPT PUSKEMAS DELITUA KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

Tinah Tinah — 2026-04-30

Background: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass, accompanied by changes in bone microaxecture and a decrease in the quality of bone tissue, which ultimately causes bone fragility and risk of fracture. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of elderly people about the risk of osteoporosis at the Delitua Community Health Center . Method: This type of research is quantitative analytical with a cross sectional research design. The population in this study were 50 elderly people at the UPT Delitua Community Health Center, Deli Serdang Regency, who suffered from osteoporosis. The sampling technique in this research is Total Sampling. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. Results: The results of the study showed that of the 50 respondents, the majority of elderly people had sufficient knowledge (54%), and prevention efforts were in the good category (70%). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of knowledge of elderly people about the risk of osteoporosis and prevention efforts at the UPT Delitua Health Center, Deliserdang Regency in 2024. Using the chi-square test, the p value was 0.000. Suggestion: It is hoped that the elderly will care more about their health and that the elderly should always maintain a healthy diet, such as consuming foods that contain calcium, not consuming alcohol, exercising diligently and controlling their health on time.

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK JINTAN HITAM (NIGELLA SATIVA) TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (ATCC)

Rawati Siregar — 2026-04-30

Dental and oral health problems, including caries and plaque, are caused by bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium plays a role in the formation of plaque biofilm, which can lead to caries if not controlled. One approach to control that is being developed is the use of natural ingredients with antibacterial activity. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) contains active compounds like flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids, which have potential as antibacterials. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of black cumin ethanol extract against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC) bacteria. The research used an experimental method with a post- test only control group design. The extract was obtained through maceration with 96% ethanol and tested at three concentrations: 25%, 50%, and 75%. Chlorhexidine was used as a positive control, and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as a negative control. The study results indicated that black cumin ethanol extract (EEJH) showed comparable potential to chlorhexidine starting from a 50% concentration. However, increasing the concentration to 75% did not show a greater increase in antibacterial potential compared to the positive control group (chlorhexidine). In conclusion, black cumin (Nigella sativa) ethanol extract was able to significantly inhibit Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at a 25% concentration.

ANALISIS FAKTOR KEJADIAN PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIS PADA PASIEN DI RSUP HAJI ADAM MALIK MEDAN

Rini Andarwati — 2026-04-30

According to 2024 data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, chronic kidney disease is influenced by a number of factors, such as type 2 diabetes, kidney inflammation, the use of pain relievers, a family history of the disease, high blood pressure, abdominal injuries, premature birth, and several other medical conditions. At Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan, the number of patients with chronic kidney disease has increased by 58% over the past two years, from 357 cases in 2022 to 858 cases in 2023. This study aims to examine the factors associated with the onset of chronic kidney disease among patients at this hospital. The research method used was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 50 patients with chronic kidney disease selected using quota sampling. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. The results of the study indicate that factors associated with the incidence of chronic kidney disease include age 41–60 years (58%), male gender (60%), self-employed occupation (26%), high school education level (44%), family history of disease (64%), unhealthy lifestyle (66%), medication use (94%), and the presence of comorbidities (82%). The study’s conclusion confirms that family history of disease, unhealthy lifestyle, medication use, and comorbidities have a significant association with the incidence of chronic kidney disease, with a p-value < 0.05

EFEKTIFITAS YOGURT TERHADAP pH SALIVA ANAK USIA 8-9 TAHUN PADA SISWA/I SD NEGERI 067247 MEDAN TUNTUNGAN

ASNITA BUNGARIA SIMAREMARE — 2026-04-30

Oral and dental health is significantly influenced by salivary pH balance, which can be affected by food and beverage consumption. Yogurt is known as a probiotic food that can improve the balance of microflora in the oral cavity and maintain optimal salivary pH. This study aims to describe the effect of yogurt consumption on salivary pH in 8–9-years old at State Elementary School 067247 Medan Tuntungan. This study used direct oral examination of the respondents. The respondents in this study were 30 students at State Elementary School 067247 Medan Tuntungan. Salivary pH measurements were conducted before and after consuming 240 ml plain yogurt by using pH strip saliva. The results showed an increase in the average salivary pH from acidic (5.97) to neutral (6.5) after yogurt consumption. Before consumption, 36.7% of students had an alkaline pH, 33.3% had a normal pH, and 30% had an acidic pH; after consumption, the normal saliva pH increased to 63.34%. These results indicate that consuming yogurt can neutralize salivary pH. The conclusion of this study is that yogurt consumption can help maintain salivary pH balance and potentially support children's dental and oral health.