LATIHAN KAKI DIABETES SEBAGAI INTERVENSI ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN HOLISTIK PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS : A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v21i2.2625Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot exercise, holistic nursing care, , diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcer, systematic literature reviewAbstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with serious lower xtremity complications, including peripheral neuropathy, foot biomechanical dysfunction, diabetic foot ulcers, and amputation. Diabetic foot exercise has emerged as a promising nonpharmacological intervention to improve foot function and reduce the risk of diabetes related complications. However, evidence regarding its role as a holistic nursing care intervention has not been comprehensively synthesized. Objective : To synthesize current scientific evidence on the effectiveness of diabetic foot exercise as a holistic nursing care intervention for patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods : This study employed a Systematic Literature Review design following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted across Scopus, SAGE Journals, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results : Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The synthesized evidence demonstrated that diabetic foot exercise significantly improved musculoskeletal function, foot biomechanics, joint mobility, intrinsic foot muscle strength, peripheral sensory function, and walking performance. Home based and technology assisted exercise programs consistently showed positive outcomes in promoting complication prevention and patient independence. Discussion : Diabetic foot exercise provides multidimensional benefits encompassing physical, preventive, rehabilitative, educational, and patient empowerment domains, reflecting the core principles of holistic nursing care. Conclusion : Diabetic foot exercise is an evidence based holistic nursing intervention that effectively improves physical function, prevents diabetic foot complications, enhances self management capacity, and supports long term quality of life among patients with diabetes mellitus.
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