Proceeding International Conference On Health Science

OBESITY RISK ANALYSIS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Endang Susilawati — 2026-05-01

Obesity is a global health problem whose prevalence continues to increase from time to time, it is estimated that 400 million adults in the world were obese in 2011 and increased to 700 million in 2018. Quarantine at home, activity and social restrictions during the pandemic to prevent transmission during the Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have an effect on obesity. This study aimed to analyze the risk of obesity on changes in eating behavior, physical activity, sleep patterns, and stress due to quarantine at home during the Covid-19 Pandemic. It was a systematic review by reviewing journals about the risk of obesity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Search articles using databases on Pubmed, Worldcat, and BMC with certain keywords and inclusion criteria obtained 9 journals. It was found that the effects of quarantine at home, physical and social restrictions contributed to the majority of unhealthy eating behavior, decreased physical activity, increased stress and changed sleep times, these were at risk for the transition of weight at various levels to a higher body weight. People with obesity are more at risk of gaining weight compared to normal weight, have more unhealthy eating behavior, less physical activity, and higher stress levels than people with normal weight. Risk of severity or even death is increase if infected with Covid-19. Covid-19 pandemic with quarantine policies at home has negative implications for healthy behavior and contributes to weight gain, obesity affects the severity of Covid-19 disease.

LEVEL OF GADGET ADDICTION WITH EMOTIONAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN

Siang Tarigan — 2026-04-30

Emotional disturbance is a form of self-adaptation difficulty and inappropriate behaviors that were improper to the applied norms in certain age group or society, in which disadvantageous to self or other people. When children were addicted to gadgets, this will make children anxious when they got separated away to the said gadget. While most of their time were spent in using the gadget. General goal of this research was to identify the relationship between gadget addiction level and emotional disorder in elementary school children aged 11-12 years at UPT SDN No. 064023, Medan Tuntungan. Method used in this research were quantitative method with cross-sectional approach with the amount of samples of 30 people. Results acquired from this research, through statistical analysis of Chi-square test, was p-value < 0.05 which was 0.z049 (difficulty scale) and p-value of 0.025 (strength scale).Conclusively, there was a relationship between gadget addiction level and emotional disorders in elementary school children aged 11-12 years at UPT SDN No. 064023, Medan Tuntungan District, though in low correlation. Hopefully, to give a suggestion for further researches, to be able to analyze the intensity and which factors that could affect children to avoid gadget addiction.

THE EFFECT OF LOW-IMPACT AEROBIC EXERCISE ON REDUCING BLOOD PRESSURE IN ELDERLY HYPERTE NSION

Renita Theresya Br Purba — 2026-04-30

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is known as "the silent killer" and is common in the elderly and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The WHO estimates that hypertension cases will increase by 80% among elderly people in developing countries by 2025. There are 63 million cases of hypertension in Indonesia, with a mortality rate of 427,218. Various measures to address hypertension include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. Non-pharmacological measures include low-impact aerobic exercise. Low-impact aerobic exercise is a light movement that can increase heart and lung endurance. Low-impact aerobic exercise movements are done without jumping and one foot remains resting on the floor. This movement consists of 19 core movements, namely Mars, Kick, front-back, V-step, Step touch, Two steps, Double steps, Grive fine, Front lunges, side lunges, Back lunges, Back kick, Tup front, Tup side, Squat, Cha-cha step, High knee, cross High Knee, leg curl. This study observed the effect of low-impact aerobic exercise on reducing blood pressure in 37 elderly people suffering from hypertension. The exercise was carried out for 3 weeks with a frequency of 3 times a week and a duration of 30 minutes each exercise. The results of the study showed an effect on blood pressure before and after exercise. Systolic blood pressure decreased from 136.7 mmHg to 130.8 mmHg in the third week, and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 83.2 mmHg to 78.9 mmHg in the third week after exercise.Low-impact aerobics can be used as an alternative non-pharmacological treatment for elderly people suffering from hypertension. Exercise should be performed at least three times a week, each session lasting 30 minutes. This exercise can help lower blood pressure and even maintain elevated blood pressure in the elderly. It is recommended that Posbindu (Integrated Health Posts) and Nursing Homes (Panti Werdha) make this activity a routine activity for the elderly to support a more productive quality of life.

APPLICATION OF EUCALYPTUS OIL AROMATHERAPY TO TREAT BREATHING DISORDERS IN TODDLERS WITH BRONCHOPNEUMONIA

Heriaty Berutu — 2026-04-30

Ronchopneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that often causes breathing disorders in toddlers. This study aims to describe the application of eucalyptus oil aromatherapy in improving breathing patterns in toddlers with bronchopneumonia at Sidikalang Regional Hospital in 2025. The research design used was a descriptive case study with two children aged 4 and 5 years who met the inclusion criteria. The intervention was carried out for seven consecutive days by administering eucalyptus oil aromatherapy through indirect inhalation and application to the chest and back for 15–20 minutes, twice a day. Data were collected through observation and structured interviews and then analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed an improvement in breathing patterns in both subjects, namely for the first sub (1) a decrease in breathing frequency from 48 to 30 times per minute Regular breathing, regular breathing rhythm, the use of accessory muscles is not visible and the sound of fine rhonchi breath, the subject appears more relaxed while in the second subject (2) a decrease in breathing frequency from 42 to 29 times per minute Regular breathing, regular breathing rhythm, the use of accessory muscles is not visible and the sound of fine rhonchi breath, the subject appears more relaxed. These findings indicate that eucalyptus oil aromatherapy can be used as a non-pharmacological complementary intervention to help reduce breathing pattern disorders in toddlers with bronchopneumonia. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to strengthen the results and their application in pediatric nursing practice.

THE APPLICATION OF FOOT MASSAGE AND WARM WATER SOAK WITH GALANGAL ON LEG EDEMA IN THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANT MOTHER WITH HYPERVOLEMIA

Lismawati Pertiwi Waruwu — 2026-04-30

Background: Edema is the accumulation of fluid in the extracellular space, occurring due to fluid shifting from inside to outside the cells. Edema is caused by water retention and increased venous pressure in the legs, as well as uterine compression that obstructs venous return, leading to physiological edema and ultimately resulting in hypervolemia. A safe complementary therapy to address hypervolemia in third-trimester pregnant women is the application of foot massage and warm water soak mixed with galangal, performed once for a duration of 20 minutes for five consecutive days.Objective: To determine the application of foot massage and warm water soak in overcoming hypervolemia in patients with leg edema at Technical implementation Unit South Gunungsitoli Public Health Center.Method: This scientific paper used a descriptive case study, with the subjects being 2 third-trimester pregnant women with hypervolemia characterized by leg edema at Technical implementation Unit South Gunungsitoli Public Health Center, Gunungsitoli City. Results: After five days of applying foot massage and warm water soak mixed with galangal to Ms. W and Ms. N, it was found that both patients no longer experienced hypervolemia, indicated by the edema being at grade 1 (normal).Conclusion and Suggestion: The application of foot massage and warm water soak mixed with galangal on Ms. W and Ms. N, performed once daily for 20 minutes for five days, proved effective as a non-pharmacological therapy for third-trimester pregnant women experiencing hypervolemia characterized by edema in both legs. It is suggested that families and health professionals can use the application of foot massage and warm water soak mixed with galangal as a safe intervention to address hypervolemia in both legs.

THE INFLUENCE OF DEFECATION BEHAVIOR, DRINKING WATER SOURCES, AND MOTHERS' HANDWASHING HABITS ON THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING

Susanti Perangin-angin — 2026-04-30

Stunting is one of the nutritional problems in toddlers that has become a global concern in recent years, especially in low- and middle-income countries including Indonesia. The type of research is observational analysis with a design or design of control cases. The sample was divided into two, namely case and control with a ratio of 1:1. The number of samples was 124 toddlers, of which 62 cases were stunted and 62 were not stunted. The results of the study where the factors that significantly influenced the incidence of stunting were Age ( p = 0.000, OR = 5.429), Toddler Weight ( p = 0.000, OR = 0.205), Parental Income ( p = 0.028, OR = 2.444), Number of Children Owned by Toddler Mothers ( p = 0.001, OR = 3.561), Drinking Water Sources ( p = 0.000, OR = 4.875) and Hand Washing Behavior with Soap ( p = 0.001, OR = 4,253). Improving Clean Water Quality and Sanitation by improving clean water infrastructure and implementing Soapy Handwashing Behavior by implementing a broad campaign on the importance of handwashing with soap, especially before meals and after using the toilet

IMPACT OF PRENATAL BREASTFEEDING EDUCATION ON BREASTFEEDING MOTIVATION FOLLOWING CESAREAN DELIVERY

Peny Ariani — 2026-04-30

Maternal motivation strongly influences exclusive breastfeeding, especially following cesarean delivery. This study evaluated the effect of an antenatal breastfeeding education package on motivation among third-trimester pregnant women planning cesarean section. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was implemented at RSU Sembiring Deli Tua with 54 participants who received a standardized education package (SOP, leaflet, demonstration, and discussion). Motivation was measured using a validated 12–60 Likert questionnaire before and after the intervention. Paired t-test compared pretest and posttest scores. Mean motivation increased from 38.2 (SD 6.1) at pretest to 46.5 (SD 5.2) at posttest, with a mean difference of +8.3 (SD_diff 5.5); the improvement was statistically significant (paired t(53) = 11.09, p < 0.001). The proportion of participants in the high/very high motivation categories rose from 40.7% to 81.4%. Antenatal breastfeeding education significantly enhanced maternal motivation among women planning cesarean delivery; integrating this intervention into routine antenatal care is recommended.

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF PREGNANT WOMEN ABOUT GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS WITH RANDOM BLOOD GLUCOSE EXAMINATION

Sulastri G.P. Tambunan — 2026-04-30

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is characterized by glucose intolerance originating during pregnancy, typically resolving postpartum. Unmanaged GDM elevates risks for macrosomia, preeclampsia, and maternal type 2 diabetes. This study evaluated the correlation between GDM knowledge and random blood glucose (RBG) levels among pregnant women at Tuntungan Community Health Center, Medan. Using a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic design and non-probability sampling ($n=33$), data were gathered via questionnaires and RBG testing, then analyzed using Chi-square tests (SPSS v.26). Results showed 63.6% of participants had abnormal RBG levels. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant relationship between knowledge levels and RBG outcomes ($p < 0.05$). Consequently, enhancing health education and routine glucose monitoring is vital to mitigate GDM complications.

KEY DETERMINANTS OF STUNTING IN RURAL INDONESIA: THE INFLUENCE OF ANTENATAL CARE, MATERNAL EDUCATION, AND MATERNAL ACTIONS

Hanna Sriyanti Saragih — 2026-04-30

Background: Stunting is a linear growth disorder in children, measured by height-for-age, with a Z-score of less than -2 SD according to WHO standards. Various factors, including low maternal education, infrequent prenatal care, low family income, lack of knowledge and preventive measures, and limited food availability cause this condition. Deliserdang Regency, notably the Dalu Sepuluh Community Health Centre, has a high prevalence of stunting, but in-depth studies on its risk factors have not been conducted. Objective: This study aims to analyze the ANC and maternal health to stunting in toddlers within the working area of the Dalu Sepuluh Health Centre, Deliserdang Regency. Method: This analytical research, using a cross-sectional design, involved 56 toddlers selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and anthropometric measurements, then analyzed using the Chi-square test and backwards logistic regression. Results: Factors that have a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting include maternal education (p=0.004), frequency of prenatal checkups (p=0.001), maternal knowledge (p=0.003), maternal attitude (p=0.023), and maternal actions (p=0.001). Conclusion: Stunting prevention requires interventions that focus on enhancing mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, improving food access and availability, and optimizing prenatal care.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POSTER, VIDEO, AND GAME-BASED EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS ON DENTAL CARIES KNOWLEDGE AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

Kirana Patrolina Sihombing — 2026-04-30

Background: Dental caries remains a significant public health problem among elementary school children in Indonesia, with a high prevalence in both rural and urban areas. Effective educational strategies are needed to improve children’s knowledge and preventive behaviors related to oral health. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of various educational media in improving knowledge of dental caries risk factors among elementary school children. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent pre-test and post-test design was conducted among 120 students aged 10–12 years selected using cluster sampling from rural and urban schools in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Participants were divided into seven groups based on the educational media received: posters, leaflets, videos, hand puppets, flipcharts, puzzles, and snakes and ladders. Knowledge was assessed using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-

THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION THROUGH POCKET BOOKS ON MOTHERS' KNOWLEDGE OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLERS

Nilda Yulita Siregar — 2026-04-30

Speech and language development in children, especially toddlers, is an essential aspect of growth and development that determines the child's ability to communicate and socialize. Lack of maternal knowledge about the stages of speech and language development in children can cause delays in early detection of communication disorders, which impacts the child's social and emotional development. This study aims to determine the effect of using pocket books on speech and language in toddlers on the knowledge of mothers in Tuntungan II Village, Deli Serdang Regency. This study used a pre-experimental research design, with a one-group pretest-posttest design on 52 respondents who have toddlers in Tuntungan II Village, Deli Serdang Regency. The intervention was given in the form of pocket books on speech and language in toddlers. The test used by researchers was the Chi-Square test. The results obtained were p-value = 0.033, where this result was lower than the significant standard p <0.05 or (p <0.05). This shows that there is an influence of providing pocket books on speech and language to toddlers on the knowledge of mothers in Tuntungan II Village, Deli Serdang Regency, in 2025.

EFFICACY OF A COMBINED PLANTAIN LEAF (PLANTAGO MAJOR L.,) AND TURMERIC RHIZOME (CURCUMA LONGA L.,) FOR REDUCING PERINEAL WOUND PAIN IN POSTPARTUM

Juana Linda Simbolon — 2026-04-30

Background: Globally, approximately 70–90% of vaginal deliveries result in perineal wounds. Perineal wounds are commonly associated with pain that interferes with daily activities, thereby negatively affecting the quality of life of postpartum mothers. Effective management of perineal wounds is essential to prevent complications and promote optimal healing. Traditional medicine utilizing natural ingredients, such as Plantago Major L.,and curcuma Longa L, has shown potential in relieving pain, wound healing perineal. Providing comfort and satisfaction to postpartum women is an essential responsibility of midwives. Objectives: To analyze the effect of a combined compress intervention using Plantago Major L and Curcuma Longa L on perineal wound pain in postpartum mothers. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test control group design was conducted to compare the mean perineal wound pain scores between the treatment and control groups. Results: There was a significant reduction in perineal pain intensity among postpartum women treated with a combined plantain leaves and turmeric rhizome compress compared to those receiving Boiled water that has been cooled (p = 0.006; p < 0.05. Conclusions: The combination of Plantago Major L and Curcuma Longa L has a significant effect on reducing pain levels in postpartum mothers with perineal wounds.

THE FORMULATION OF TOOTHPASTE FROM COMBINATION OF TORCH GINGER FLOWERS (Etlingera elatior JACK) AND BANANA PEELS

Maya Handayani Sinaga — 2026-04-30

Currently, many toothpastes are sold in the market for cleaning and dental care, but they contain synthetic chemicals which can cause health problems, such as fluoride and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). These ingredients can irritate the gums and mouth, cause a burning sensation in the gums, tooth sensitivity, and tongue discomfort. Traditionally, the inner part of ripe banana peels has been used for teeth whitening, by rubbing it on the teeth for about 10 minutes. Kepok banana peels were collected from fried banana sellers along Jalan Gatot Subroto, Medan, and fresh torch ginger flowers were purchased from the traditional Petisah market in Medan city. They were then pulverized and dried on a water bath at a temperature of approximately until a dry powder was obtained. The toothpaste preparation was formulated using a combination of torch ginger flower at concentrations of , , and and dried banana peel replacing calcium carbonate with ratios of (75:25); (50:50); and (25:75). The preparation was evaluated for organoleptic properties using a preference test (hedonic test), homogeneity, pH, stability, cleaning power, and irritation test on volunteers' skin. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that the fresh torch ginger flower, fresh banana peel, and the dried product at contained the same chemical groups, namely flavonoids, tannins, steroids, saponins, glycosides, and essential oils. The toothpaste preparation containing the combination of dried torch ginger flower and banana peel powder was favored by the panelists, was stable upon storage, possessed good cleaning power, and caused no irritation. The best formula was the one containing a 75:25 ratio of torch ginger flower and banana peel, which produced a toothpaste that provides benefits for cleaning and dental care, is safe, and is economical.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BLACK CUMIN ( NIGELLA SATIVA) EXTRACT AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUINIS (ATCC) BACTERIA

Syahdiana Waty — 2026-04-30

Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria are one of the primary causes of dental caries and periodontal disease. Black cumin is suspected to contain secondary metabolites including flavonoids, alkaloids, thymoquinone, saponins, tannins, steroids and phenols, which possess potential antibacterial properties. This study was a true experiment using a post-test only control group design, aiming to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of black cumin extract against Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. Samples were tested at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and compared with a positive control (0.2% chlorhexidine) and a negative control (Dimethyl Sulfoxide/ DMSO). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Post Hoc (Tukey) tests. The results showed an average inhibition zone in the moderate category at concentrations of 25% (10.63 mm), 50% (10.66 mm), and 75% (10.9 mm). The ANOVA test revealed a significant difference between the groups, with a p-value of 0.061 (p < 0.1). The Post Hoc (Tukey) test indicated that the 75% concentration of black cumin extract had comparable antibacterial potential to chlorhexidine (p > 0.1). This study concluded that black cumin extract can significantly inhibit Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria at a 75% concentration.

ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF BENTONITE-PURIFIED FISH OIL IN WISTAR RATS (Rattus Norvegicus): HISTOLOGICAL, SGOT, AND SGPT STUDIES

Sri Widia Ningsih — 2026-04-30

Purifying fish oil boosts its nutritional and economic worth. This study examined the acute toxicity of bentonite-purified eel and mackerel tuna fish oil (2, 4, 6%) on female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), using a 5000 mg/kg fatal dose limit test, along with histological alterations, SGOT, and SGPT studies. A quasi-experimental post-test-only control was designed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD tests. All animal groups experienced a steady weight gain from 155 ± 4.966555 g to 194.25 ± 8.421203 g on day 15. EBIII treatment revealed the greatest SGPT value of 76.33 ± 21.733 u/L, while MTBIII showed the highest SGOT value of 110 ± 20.881 u/L. One-way ANOVA results for SGPT (p > 0.05) revealed no significant change between treatment groups, although SGOT (p < 0.05) did differ significantly. A Tukey HSD post-hoc showed that each group's SGPT levels were not statistically different (p > 0.05). Compared to the normal group, the MTB 6% group exhibited a substantially different SGOT level (p < 0.05). The liver organ index increased in all treatment groups. Fatty degeneration and necrosis of glomeruli and tubules were visible in all treatment groups. The study found that pure fish oil bentonite did not harm Rattus Norvegicus.

FORMULATION OF EGGSHELL AND BANGUN-BANGUN BOOSTER (EGGSBOS) CANDY TO SUPPORT CALCIUM REQUIREMENTS IN BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS

Adha Putri Hartik Lubis — 2026-04-30

Calcium requirements increase during lactation due to the daily excretion of approximately 200-300 mg of calcium through breast milk. However, calcium intake among women of reproductive age in Indonesia remains at only 60-70% of the recommended dietary allowance. Eggshells contain about 95% calcium carbonate and have potential as a natural calcium fortification source, while bangun-bangun (Coleus amboinicus) is traditionally used as a galactagogue and reported to enhance breast milk production. This study aimed to formulate Eggsbos Candy as a calcium-fortified product based on duck eggshell powder and bangun-bangun leaves and to determine its calcium content. This study employed a Laboratory Experimental Descriptive Design using three different formulations (A, B, and C) containing 9 g, 7 g, and 5 g of eggshell powder, each with three replications

EFFECTIVENESS OF AUDIOVISUAL FOOT CARE-BASED EDUCATION ON IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND ACTIONS OF DIABETIC PATIENTS IN PREVENTING FOOT ULCER DIABETIC

Risma Dumiri Manurung — 2026-04-30

Diabetic mellitus patients have a high risk of developing such as 15 % diabetic foot ulcers, which may lead to wounds, infection, and even amputation if not properly managed. Diabetic foot ulcer can rapidly progress if DM patient has decent knowledge and will to routinely take care and treat their foot. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of video-audio-visual based education of foot care on knowledge, attitude, and action of diabetic patients on preventing diabetic foot ulcer. The methods used in this reseearch were pre-experiment pre-test – post-test with one group design. Samples were DM patients which visited the Tiara Medistra Clinic, samples wew selected using Purposive Sampling with total number of 30 people. Independent variable of health education, dependent variables of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward prevention of diabetic foot ulcer. Data acquired in this research were collected by implementing questionnaire. Data analysis was done by paired t-test with p value = 0.005 and N-gain. This research showed that there are significant differences before and after video-audio-visual based education of foot care on knowledge (p=0.000), attitude (p=0.000), and action (p=0.000) with mean of N-gain score of 0.7620 and N-gain percentage of 76.2032%. In conclusion, audio-visual–based health education on foot care is effective in improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices of diabetic mellitus patients. Regular and appropriate foot care education can help reduce the risk of diabetic foot ulcers.

FAMILY SUPPORT AND CULTURAL INFLUENCE ON THE INTEREST IN CHOOSING IUD CONTRACEPTIVES AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE

Rosalin Ariefah Putri — 2026-04-30

The use of IUDs in Indonesia is still relatively low. Several factors, including family and cultural support, influence the decision of women of reproductive age in choosing IUD contraception. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between family support and culture on the interest in using IUDs. This study is a quantitative analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. Population was women of reproductive age at the Karang Asam Community Health Center. The sample consisted of 95 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results of the study indicate that family and cultural support have a significant relationship with the interest of women of reproductive agein choosing IUDs. Based on the chi-square results, family support (p-value = 0.003; OR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.6 - 9.1) and culture are associated with the interest of women of reproductive agein choosing IUDs (p-value = 0.014; OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.2 - 6.5). Family Support and cultural are psychosocial aspects that can influence the interest of women of reproductive age in choosing IUD contraception.

A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON MATERNAL AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ANTEPARTUM HEMORRHAGE

Risdiana Melinda Naibaho — 2026-04-30

Background: Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) is a complication of pregnancy that can increase risks to both the mother and fetus.The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion, evaluate pregnancy and fetal outcomes in APH, and identify risk factors associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Method: This research used a prospective observational design with secondary data analysis, based on medical records of pregnant women with antepartum hemorrhage treated at RSUD Sidikalang from 2022 to 2025. Data included maternal demographic characteristics, type and cause of hemorrhage, management, as well as maternal and perinatal outcomes. The results : Results: Placenta previa was the main cause of APH, especially in the third trimester and in multigravida women aged 31–35 years. The majority (97.05%) underwent cesarean delivery. No maternal deaths were found. Some postpartum mothers experienced anemia (5.89%). Perinatal outcomes showed a stillbirth rate of (2.94%), low birth weight (5.88%), asphyxia (8.82%), and neonatal jaundice (14.70%) Conclusion: APH remains an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity. Recommendations Increasing maternal awareness of routine antenatal check-ups and improving access to health services play a role in reducing the risk of complications related to APH.

HIV LITERACY AND PREGNANT WOMEN’S WILLINGNESS FOR TESTING AT PADANG BULAN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER IN 2025

Sipa Nahabatun — 2026-04-30

Background. HIV remains a significant global public health issue, particularly among pregnant women. Understanding HIV is crucial for enhancing their willingness to get tested, which impacts prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). This study aims to examine the relationship between HIV literacy and the willingness of pregnant women to undergo screening at the Padang Bulan Health Center in 2025. Subjects and Method. This quantitative study uses a cross-sectional design. The population consists of all pregnant women visiting the Health Center in 2025, with a sample of 51 selected through total sampling. Primary data were gathered via a structured questionnaire assessing HIV literacy and willingness for screening. Data analysis employed the Chi-square test. Results. There was no significant relationship between HIV literacy and the willingness to undergo screening (p-value = 0.054 > 0.05). Conclusions. Other factors may influence the willingness to test for HIV beyond those examined in this study. Further research is necessary, incorporating WHO-recommended testing procedures

OXYTOCIN MASSAGE OVERCOMES BREAST MILK PRODUCTION PROBLEMS

Jojor Silaban — 2026-04-30

Breastfeeding newborns is critical for the prevention of stunting. However, many mothers encounter significant barriers in milk production due to various physiological and psychological factors. According to the 2018 Basic Health Research, 65.7% of Indonesian mothers experienced breastfeeding difficulties. While recent data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey indicates an increase in exclusive breastfeeding rates to 68.6%, this figure remains below the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target of 80%. Various interventions are employed to enhance milk production, including non pharmacological oxytocin massage, which stimulates the release of the oxytocin hormone to facilitate milk let-down. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oxytocin massage for postpartum mothers experiencing lactation difficulties. Conducted as a descriptive case study involving two postpartum mothers at Sidikalang Regional General Hospital, the research utilized interviews, direct observations, and oxytocin massage interventions performed twice daily for three days, with each session lasting 15 minutes. Results demonstrated that while there was no initial milk production, a significant increase in volume was observed following the treatment. This method proved to be an effective strategy for increasing milk production. It is recommended that nursing staff educate families on oxytocin massage to improve breastfeeding success and achieve national health targets.

KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF PREGNANT WOMEN TOWARD HIV AND SYPHILIS TESTING AT MEDAN JOHOR COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER

Suryani — 2026-04-30

Pregnant women are among the groups most at risk of contracting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Syphilis. The risk of mother-to-child transmission is estimated at 20–45% for HIV/AIDS and 69–80% for Syphilis. Transmission of these infections from mother to child contributes significantly to morbidity, disability, and mortality rates. This study aimed to determine the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge and attitudes toward HIV and Syphilis testing at the Medan Johor Community Health Center in 2025. A cross-sectional research design was used, focusing on one-time measurement or observation of the study variables. The study population comprised all pregnant women attending the Medan Johor Community Health Center in 2025, totaling 50 individuals, all of whom were included using a total sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with SPSS software. The findings revealed that most pregnant women had good knowledge about HIV and Syphilis (30 respondents) and positive, accepting attitudes toward testing (39 respondents). HIV and Syphilis test results showed that 49 respondents were non-reactive, while only one respondent tested positive for both infections. Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between knowledge and HIV–Syphilis testing (p-value = 0.023 < 0.05). The results of this study may serve as an educational reference for future pregnancies, emphasizing the necessity for pregnant women to undergo HIV and Syphilis testing at least once during the first or third trimester.

FAMILY IMPLEMENTATION OF MEDICATION SUPERVISION IN PULMONARY TB PATIENTS AT DELI SERDANG REGENCY

Johani Dewita — 2026-04-30

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health problem, with transmission within the household being a major source of new cases. Appropriate preventive behaviors by immediate family members are crucial in breaking the chain of transmission. This study aims to comprehensively analyze and describe the implementation of medication supervision (DOTS/PMO) by family members for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) patients at Deli Serdang Regency. To achieve these objectives, this study adopted a qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological study design. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation with 15 immediate family members living with TB patients. Data were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis to identify behavioral patterns, barriers, and supports experienced by the participants. The study revealed that all family members took their complete anti-TB medication regimen regularly until they recovered, thanks to the family's involvement and collaboration with health workers at Deli Serdang Regency, who routinely conducted weekly monitoring. Health workers are expected to design more practical, contextual, and sustainable educational intervention programs that focus not only on the patient but also on empowering all family members as active prevention units, including providing psychosocial support to reduce the burden of caregiving.

THE EFFECT OF ISOMETRIC HANDGRIP EXERCISE ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN ELDERLY WITH HYPERTENSION

Amira Permata Sari Tarigan — 2026-04-30

Hypertension is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in the elderly and can lead to serious complications if left uncontrolled. One of the non-pharmacological interventions proven to lower blood pressure is isometric handgrip exercise in elderly with hypertension. This study aimed to determine the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on blood pressure in elderly with hypertension. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group approach. The total sample was 50 elderly with hypertension, divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention involved isometric handgrip exercise for 3 weeks. The study showed a decrease in mean systolic blood pressure of 7.84 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 3.84 mmHg in the intervention group. In contrast, in the control group, the mean systolic blood pressure decreased by only 1.24 mmHg, and the mean diastolic blood pressure increased by 2.36 mmHg. Isometric handgrip exercise has a significant effect on lowering blood pressure in elderly with hypertension, and thus it can be used as a nonpharmacological method, both in healthcare facilities and in the community.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEAFLET MEDIA AS A HEALTH EDUCATION EFFORT IN ELIMINATING TUBERCULOSIS IN SIMALUNGUN REGENCY

Efendi Sianturi — 2026-04-30

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains a public health problem in Indonesia. Health education plays a vital role in increasing patient understanding and awareness of TB prevention and control. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of leaflets as an educational tool for improving knowledge, attitudes, and actions of TB patients. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest with a control group design. The study population was all TB patients in the Tapian Dolok and Batu Anam areas. The sample size was 100 people, consisting of 50 respondents from the intervention group in Tapian Dolok and 50 respondents from the control group in Batu Anam, selected by purposive sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and actions that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed using a paired t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a significant increase in respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and actions after being given education through leaflets in the intervention group (p<0.05). In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes. Thus, leaflets have proven effective as a health education tool in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of TB patients. The results of this study can serve as a basis for healthcare workers in developing effective communication strategies to empower TB patients.

CASE STUDY : APPLICATION OF RED GINGER WARM COMPRESS THERAPY FOR ACUTE PAIN MANAGEMENT IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Tiur Romatua Sitohang — 2026-04-30

Background : Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the joints, causing pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. It can involve multiple joints, particularly those in the hands and feet. Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly associated with joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, reduced physical activity, structural damage, and poor quality of life. One non-pharmacological method to reduce pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients is the application of red ginger warm compress therapy. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of red ginger warm compress therapy in reducing pain among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Case Study Method:This research employed a descriptive qualitative design using a case study approach involving two respondents diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis experiencing acute pain. Data were collected through observation sheets, structured interviews, and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to measure pain intensity. Results: After applying red ginger warm compress therapy for seven consecutive days, a decrease in pain intensity was observed in both patients. In patient one, the pain score decreased from 5 (moderate pain) to 2 (mild pain), while in patient two, the pain score decreased from 6 (moderate pain) to 3 (mild pain). Conclusion and Recommendation: The application of red ginger warm compress therapy effectively reduced pain among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It is recommended that this therapy be continuously applied as a complementary intervention to manage rheumatoid arthritis pain

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE ELDERLY

Rosa Natalia Sitorus — 2026-04-30

Cognitive function is a person's ability to recognize and interpret things within a scope that consists of orientation, language, attention, memory, construction, calculation, and reasoning. Frequent forgetfulness is the mildest form of cognitive impairment and can cause changes in cognitive function. Cognitive function is measured using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) instrument, with the results categorized as no impairment, mild impairment, and severe impairment. Quality of life is an individual's perception of their physical, psychological, social, and environmental well- being. Quality of life is measured using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument, which covers four main domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. This study aims to determine the relationship between cognitive function and the level of quality of life in the elderly at the Binjai Social Service Unit for the Elderly. The research method used in this study is quantitative. The population in this study was elderly individuals aged 60-74 who live at the Social Service Unit for the Elderly. Data analysis used univariate analysis to identify the distribution and frequency of demographic data (age, gender, religion, education, former occupation, marital status, and health problems). Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test. The results of this study show that the cognitive function of 28 respondents (54.9%) was in the mild impairment category. The quality of life for 32 elderly individuals (62.8%) was in the moderate category. The results of the bivariate test showed a significant relationship between cognitive function and quality of life in the elderly at the Binjai Social Service Unit for the Elderly, North Sumatra Social Agency, with a p-value of 0.002. It is hoped that the Binjai Elderly Social Services UPTD can carry out activities to improve cognitive function and quality of life in the elderly, such as physical activity or brain gymnastics, increasing social interaction between the elderly and maintaining good eating and lifestyle patterns.