MAPPING THE RISK FACTOR OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN KLATEN DISTRICT

Abstract

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic, that occurs in many part of the world, most countries in
Southeast Asia declared as endemic areas of leptospirosis. Indonesia is a country with high case
fatality rate of leptospirosis reaching 7.1%, with a range between 2.5 - 16, 45%, in patients aged over
50 years the mortality rate can reach 56%. Klaten district includes one of the distribution of
leptospirosis. Data in 2008 showed that 21 were positively infected by leptospires of 66 people under
investigation. In 2010 there were 5 deaths from 15 cases were found. Cases continue to rise in 2011
and expanded in several villages and districts, especially areas that are near the area of rice fields and
streams. Knowing distribution maps the risk factor of leptospirosis in Klaten.
Methods: An observational study design with a combination of ecological and case-control
study. Implemented in Klaten in 2011. Subjects were residents who are leptospirosis diagnosed or
infected with Leptospira. Diagnosis is confirmed by a doctor based on clinical criteria of WHO-1982
and/or diagnostic test equipment (leptotec and/or MAT). Samples were taken of 210 people
consisting of 105 cases and 105 controls. Analysis of data used is average nearest neighbor,
Mc. Nemar and conditional logistic regression (CI: 95%).
Results: The mapping distribution of leptospirosis in Klaten is clustered at coordinates 454 230,
9.15211 zone 49S, a radius of 423.86 meters. Mapping of risk factors in areas with poor sanitation.
Risk factors showed that house sanitation (OR = 7.89, 95% CI: 2.68 to 23.21, p = 0.000), employment
(OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.49 to 9 , 54, p = 0.005) and the presence of mice (OR = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.35 to
9.49, p = 0.010).
Conclusion: Characteristics of cluster formation region is close to the rice field area, a densely
populated residential houses at a distance close enough/meetings (less than 20 meters). The most
dominant risk factor is a house sanitation.